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How did Christ, being the Son of God, become man?

Christ, the Son of God, became man, by taking to himself a true body, and a reasonable soul, being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost, in the womb of the Virgin Mary, and born of her yet without sin. Hebrews 2:14 (ESV) Since therefore the children share in flesh and blood, he himself likewise partook of the same. Matthew 26:38 (ESV) Then he said to them, “My soul is very sorrowful, even to death; remain here, and watch with me.” Luke 1:31 (ESV) And behold, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you shall call his name Jesus. Luke 1:35 (ESV) And the angel answered her, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you; therefore the child to be born will be called holy—the Son of God. Hebrews 7:26 (ESV) For it was indeed fitting that we should have such a high priest, holy, innocent, unstained, separated from sinners, and exalted above the heavens.

Who is the Redeemer of God's elect?

The only Redeemer of God's elect is the Lord Jesus Christ, who, being the eternal Son of God, became man, and so was, and continueth to be, God and man in two distinct natures, and one person, for ever. 1 Timothy 2:5-6 (ESV) For there is one God, and there is one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus, who gave himself as a ransom for all, which is the testimony given at the proper time. John 1:14 (ESV) And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we have seen his glory, glory as of the only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth. Romans 9:5 (ESV) To them (Israel) belong the patriarchs, and from their race, according to the flesh, is the Christ, who is God over all, blessed forever. Amen. Hebrews 7:23-24 (ESV) The former priests were many in number, because they were prevented by death from continuing in office, but he (The Lord Jesus Christ) holds his priesthood permanently, because he continues forever. The Lord Jesus Christ is the redeemer of God’s elect! ...

Did God leave all mankind to perish in the estate of sin and misery?

God having, out of his mere good pleasure, from all eternity, elected some to everlasting life, did enter into a covenant of grace, to deliver them out of the estate of sin and misery, and to bring them into an estate of salvation by a Redeemer. Ephesians 1:3-4 (ESV) Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us in Christ with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places, even as he chose us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and blameless before him. The God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, has blessed us in Christ, choosing all the believing in Christ before the foundation of the world; this is true election and predestination. Romans 3:21-22 (ESV) But now the righteousness of God has been manifested apart from the law, although the Law and the Prophets bear witness to it— the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ for all who believe. The Lord God has declared the believing in Jesus Christ righteous. This...

What is the misery of that estate whereinto man fell?

All mankind by their fall lost communion with God, are under his wrath and curse, and so made liable to all miseries in this life, to death itself, and to the pains of hell for ever. Death is threefold: First, spiritual death, the separation of the sinner from God. Second, physical death, the separation of the soul from the body. Third, eternal death, the abandonment of the soul in hell. Genesis 3:8, 24 (ESV) And they heard the sound of the LORD God walking in the garden in the cool of the day, and the man and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the LORD God among the trees of the garden...He drove out the man, and at the east of the garden of Eden he placed the cherubim and a flaming sword that turned every way to guard the way to the tree of life. Ephesians 2:3 (ESV) among whom we all once lived in the passions of our flesh, carrying out the desires of the body and the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, like the rest of mankind. Galatians 3:10 (ESV) “Cursed be every...

Wherein consists the sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell?

The sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell, consists in the guilt of Adam's first sin, the want of original righteousness, and the corruption of his whole nature, which is commonly called Original Sin; together with all actual transgressions which proceed from it. Romans 5:19 (ESV) For as by the one man's disobedience the many were made sinners. Romans 3:10 (ESV) None is righteous, no, not one; Ephesians 2:1 (ESV) And you were dead in the trespasses and sins Psalms 51:5 (ESV) Behold, I was brought forth in iniquity, and in sin did my mother conceive me. Matthew 15:19-20 (ESV) For out of the heart come evil thoughts, murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false witness, slander. These are what defile a person. Adam choose the way of sin for all of his children; therefore, none are righteous, all are dead in sin, all are born sinners and our hearts are not righteous.

Into what estate did the fall bring mankind?

The fall brought mankind into an estate of sin and misery. Romans 5:12 (NASB) Therefore, just as through one man sin entered into the world, and death through sin, and so death spread to all men, because all sinned— I have spent the past twenty-four years working at the bedside as a Registered Nurse. I spent the majority of that time in the Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit. During that time, I have witnessed human death more than a thousand times; in every instance, death is a horrible, horrible thing. Death is not the natural end of life but a curse on human life because of sin. Death is threefold: First, spiritual death, separation from God. Second, physical death, separation from the body. Third, eternal death, abandonment in hell. In this life we have many trials and tribulations because of the curse, and our bodies are dying and decaying. 

Did all mankind fall in Adam's first transgression?

The covenant being made with Adam, not only for himself, but for his posterity; all mankind, descending from him by ordinary generation, sinned in him, and fell with him, in his first transgression. God created heaven, and earth and sea, and all that is in them. (Acts 4:24)  God created man in his own image, in the the image of God he created them male and female he created man; for it is through the marriage of a male and female that man is to fill the earth and subdue it, to rule over the fish of the sea, the birds of the sky, and every living thing that moves on the earth. (Gn 1:26-28) The Lord God placed man in the garden of Eden to cultivate it and keep it. He told man that he could eat freely from any tree in the garden except from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. God warned man that doing so would result in death. (Gn 2:15-17) The man and the woman both ate from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil; (Gn 3:16) therefore, all of mankind became condemned becaus...